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All land in rural areas subject to customary law, governed by Law No. 98-750 of December 23, 1998. This land belongs to village communities and can only be acquired after extinguishment of customary rights.
The rural land domain encompasses non-urban land that traditionally falls under customary law. Law No. 98-750 of December 23, 1998 (amended in 2004 and 2013) established a framework to progressively secure these lands.
The land security chain is divided into three stages: 1) social and historical verification of customary rights (Decree No. 2019-266), 2) digital and cartographic representation via the IDUFCI (Decree No. 2019-221), 3) transformation into registered property titles in the Land Register (Decree No. 2023-238).
In principle, only Ivorian nationals and public authorities may own rural land (Article 4, Decree No. 2023-238). Non-nationals and private legal entities must register in the name of the State, which grants an emphyteutic lease (long-term rental of 18 to 99 years).
The AFOR (Agence Foncière Rurale / Rural Land Agency) is the public body responsible for implementing rural land policy. The CVGFR (Comités Villageois de Gestion Foncière Rurale / Village Committees for Rural Land Management) participate in verifying customary rights at the local level.
Loi n°98-750 du 23 décembre 1998 (modifiée en 2004 et 2013). Décret n°2019-266 du 27 mars 2019. Décret n°2019-221 du 13 mars 2019. Décret n°2023-238 du 5 avril 2023.
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The ADU (Attestation de Droit d'Usage Coutumier / Customary Right of Use Certificate) is the single, secure document that replaces the former Village Certificate as of January 1, 2025. Established by Decree No. 2021-784 and secured by the SIGFU (Decree No. 2021-862), it requires a triple signature (village chief, CVGFR president, developer) and a unique IDUFCI. The ADU is not a property title: it constitutes a provisional recognition opening the path to the ACD (Arrêté de Concession Définitive / Definitive Concession Decree) and then to a rural Land Title. Timeline ACD → Land Title: 6 to 12 months.
The Rural Land Agency (AFOR — Agence Foncière Rurale) is the public institution responsible for implementing rural land policy in Ivory Coast. It oversees land certification, registration of rural properties, and coordination of boundary demarcation and surveying operations.
Legal document drafted by a notary that formalizes the transfer of land ownership between a seller and a buyer. The notarized deed of sale is mandatory and confers authenticity on the transaction.
Legal entity that must be established with a minimum share capital of 2 million FCFA held by Ivorian nationals, holding an approval from the Minister responsible for Housing and a financial guarantee from a bank or insurance company.
The alienation price is the sum that the buyer must pay to the State to obtain the Definitive Concession (ACD — Arrêté de Concession Définitive) of urban land. Calculated by an ad hoc commission, it corresponds to the market value of the parcel according to the official schedule.