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Who can obtain a land certificate? Do women have the same rights? Can you sell without a certificate? 15 questions, with answers sourced from AFOR.
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These questions come up again and again. The answers are based on the official AFOR FAQ, Law No. 98-750, and Decree No. 2019-263.
The Rural Land Agency (AFOR), created in 2016, is the body in charge of all operations related to securing rural land: certification, delimitation, and contractualization.
Website: afor.ci
Any individual or legal entity of Ivorian nationality, or any identified group, that holds customary rights over rural land. Non-Ivorians cannot own rural land — they can only be tenants under a lease agreement.
No. Law No. 98-750 reserves rural land ownership exclusively for Ivorian citizens. Non-Ivorians can only access rural land through a lease agreement.
The Land Certificate (CF) recognizes customary rights over a parcel. The Rural Land Title (TF — Land Title) is obtained after the registration of the CF — it grants full and unchallengeable ownership. The CF holder has a 10-year period to initiate registration.
It is not mandatory before individual certification, but its absence constitutes a major risk factor. Without delimitation (Decree No. 2019-263), the CVGFR may certify land that actually belongs to a neighboring village.
The Village Committee for Rural Land Management is the local body that processes land certificate applications at the village level. A CVGFR constituted without including at least one woman is irregular.
Source: AFOR FAQ
In areas covered by PRESFOR (3,353 villages, 16 regions), certification is free — funded by the World Bank. Outside PRESFOR, the cost of the application file is approximately 10,000 FCFA, plus surveyor fees.
No. PRESFOR (2024-2029) covers 16 specific regions. Check coverage at afor.ci/programmes-projets/presfor.
The Rural Land Information System (SIFOR), created by Ordinance 2025-85, is the rural equivalent of the urban SIGFU. It will digitize rural land certification and management operations.
No. AFOR strongly recommends formalization through a written contract with 5 signatures (the two parties, two witnesses, and the CVGFR president). A verbal agreement offers no protection in case of conflict.
Source: afor.ci/procedures/contractualisation
The main ones are: sharecropping (crop sharing), tenant farming (fixed rent), plantation contract (the farmer plants and maintains), and loan (free use). Each must be formalized in writing.
Yes. Law No. 98-750 makes no gender distinction. The PAMOFOR program issued 48,070 certificates, of which 31% benefited women.
The delimitation procedure is adversarial: all neighboring villages must participate. Without consensus, mediation is organized. If the disagreement persists, the dispute is brought before the courts.
Classified forests, national parks, State concession zones, and lands already registered in a third party's name.
Through a formalized agrarian contract. AFOR provides templates adapted to each situation: sharecropping, tenant farming, plantation, and loan.
Official sources:
Further reading:
How much does a Rural Land Certificate cost?
Free in PRESFOR areas (3,353 villages). Outside PRESFOR: ~10,000 FCFA in application fees + surveyor.
Can non-Ivorians own rural land?
No. Law No. 98-750 reserves ownership for Ivorian citizens. Non-Ivorians can only access rural land through a lease agreement.
Does PRESFOR cover all regions?
No — 16 specific regions. Check at afor.ci/programmes-projets/presfor.
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